![]() ![]() A language construct that facilitates the bundling of data with the methods (or other functions) operating on those data.A language mechanism for restricting direct access to some of the object's components.In object-oriented programming languages, and other related fields, encapsulation refers to one of two related but distinct notions, and sometimes to the combination thereof: The similarity has been explained by programming language theorists in terms of existential types. Implementations of abstract data types, modules, and libraries, among other systems, also offer encapsulation. ![]() Encapsulation is a technique that encourages decoupling.Īll object-oriented programming (OOP) systems support encapsulation, but encapsulation is not unique to OOP. It also encourages programmers to put all the code that is concerned with a certain set of data in the same class, which organizes it for easy comprehension by other programmers. As one example, encapsulation can be used to hide the values or state of a structured data object inside a class, preventing direct access to them by clients in a way that could expose hidden implementation details or violate state invariance maintained by the methods. Essentially, encapsulation prevents external code from being concerned with the internal workings of an object.Įncapsulation allows developers to present a consistent interface that is independent of its internal implementation. It may also refer to the limiting of direct access to some of that data, such as an object's components. ![]() In software systems, encapsulation refers to the bundling of data with the mechanisms or methods that operate on the data. ![]()
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